Ata Amini; Rangin Haydari; Majid Hosseini; Nader Jalali
Abstract
The land use programming is vital since inappropriate land use can endanger soil and water resources in a region and reduce their quality and quantity for future generations. While land development based on its ability are always facing limitations. This research is conducted with a sustainable approach ...
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The land use programming is vital since inappropriate land use can endanger soil and water resources in a region and reduce their quality and quantity for future generations. While land development based on its ability are always facing limitations. This research is conducted with a sustainable approach to manage water resources and land programming in line with make optimal use of limited land, soil and water in the watershed. For this purpose, the required information to prepare a development model based on the land potential, were collected. Using the ArcGIS software, essential maps including map of slope, altitude, driving directions, land form, hydrographic, soil and vegetation, and density, were derived. By combining layers of information, the lands abilities were extracted in term of 107 ecological units. The meteorological data, hydrometer and the sources and consumptions of water resources of the watershed were collected and analyzed. The results showed that 88.2 percent and 11.6 percent are currently the area of agriculture and orchards. While the watershed potential for these practices are as 78.9 and 19.1, respectively. However, lack of attention to the potential water resources of the region, which is mostly as groundwater, caused a drop in groundwater level about 0.85 m per year and consequently the risk of soil and water resources in the region. The results indicate the importance of integrated water resources management and natural potentials in sustainable development in the watershed.
Nadergholi Ebrahimi; Azim Shirdeli; Ebrahim Nikkhah Javan; Majid Hosseini
Abstract
The riverbed and margin vegetation causes to increase in roughness against flow, decrease in average flow velocity, reduce water-energy, and alterations in layer velocity distribution (the flow velocity profile) across the river. In current experimental research, the effect of branching vegetation on ...
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The riverbed and margin vegetation causes to increase in roughness against flow, decrease in average flow velocity, reduce water-energy, and alterations in layer velocity distribution (the flow velocity profile) across the river. In current experimental research, the effect of branching vegetation on the stream flow and bed formation is analyzed. The flow conditions are examined in experimental channel with 7 meter length, 25 cm width and height through different flow rates (3,5,7 lit/s) and slopes under different(0.001, 0.003, 0.005) and densities of vegetation (50, 25 and 12 percent). According to the processed data, it can be implicated that the difference between flow level, substrate, and rate is affected by the types of vegetation density; thereby existence of vegetation causes resistance to flow and depth increment. In all experiments, through the vegetation density increment, the bed erosion increases compared with the primary condition in which the most and least alterations are observed in 50 and 12-percent density, respectively. In the condition of equal flow rate with density increment, the flow depth is increased. The bed particle displacement in the section covered by vegetation is increased through density increment in which flow level in 50 is more than 25 and 12-percent density, as well as, flow substrate erosion and alteration whereas sediment (particles accumulation) is appeared frequently under less density at the end of section covered by vegetation.
Majid Hosseini
Abstract
At present due to lack of proper utilization and management in non-renewable natural resources, most of the watersheds are in critical conditions. Since about 80 percent of Iran watersheds located in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions, thus addressing the issue of optimal utilization of rainfall ...
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At present due to lack of proper utilization and management in non-renewable natural resources, most of the watersheds are in critical conditions. Since about 80 percent of Iran watersheds located in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions, thus addressing the issue of optimal utilization of rainfall is most important. In this research, the surface of micro catchment was isolated by plastic to increase runoff coefficient. Six treatments and three replications were considered in down part of the micro catchment. The surfaceswere prepared by available materials such as greenhouse plastic, gravel, fine and coarse sand, and for infiltration, a filter with 50 cm depth and 15 cm diameter was used. Soil moisture in 30 and 50 cm depths, was monitored by Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The first step eas started by cleaning grasses and compacting soil surface and monitoring 18 rainfall events. In the next step, soil surface was covered by plastic and 21 rainfall events were monitored. Results showed that the runoff coefficient increases by six to 47 percent or 7.8 times more than natural condition. The statistical analysis by T-test showed that all treatments and depths of isolated and natural conditions have significantly different results in 90 percent level of confidence. Finally, the average soil moisture content for isolated condition in comparison of natural condition is 6.4 and 9.4 percent in 50 and 30 cm of soil depth, respectively. In other hand, isolated surface increased soil moisture 3.8 and 2.8 times compared to treatments in 50 and 30 cm of soil depth, respectively.
Zeynab Mokarian; Seyed Hsshem Hosseini; Seyed Mojtaba Saneie; Majid Hosseini
Abstract
Acquiring sufficient knowledge about soil structure of the river side wall and arrangement quality of its layers will be helpful to prevent soil erosion and distraction. The main purpose of this research is to find a proper way to decrees effects of river bank erosion with regard to studying the effects ...
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Acquiring sufficient knowledge about soil structure of the river side wall and arrangement quality of its layers will be helpful to prevent soil erosion and distraction. The main purpose of this research is to find a proper way to decrees effects of river bank erosion with regard to studying the effects of clay on the rate of the river bank erosion. To conduct the research, some experiments have been performed by using an experimental model with 14m length, 90cm width, and 50cm depth. The results demonstrate the major role of clay in decreasing the rate of side wall erosion and the depth of scour. In the final analysis, the research comes to this conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between the increasing percentage of clay and the side wall erosion rate and scour depth. By increasing the amount of clay materials, adhesives, wall scour depth profiles, the declining trend is involved. So that the figure in clay materials 7/5% to almost zero. Scour depth at the top of the wall to increase the adhesion of materials resulting from the addition of bentonite clay to 7/5%, compared to non-clay materials has decreased by about 97% And at the beginning of the clay wall materials 7/5% of the action occurring is very low.
Majid Hosseini
Abstract
In this study, a simulation has been performed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with the data of the Ghare-sou watershed. The main objective of the study was testing the performance of SWAT and its feasibility to simulate the water balance in this watershed. Required data such as ...
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In this study, a simulation has been performed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with the data of the Ghare-sou watershed. The main objective of the study was testing the performance of SWAT and its feasibility to simulate the water balance in this watershed. Required data such as soil properties, land use and topographic maps were collected from the Natural Resource Office of Kermanshah province, and the weather data, including daily rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and discharge were collected from Meteorology Agency and regional water company of the province. Before calibration, a sensitivity analysis has been performed for all parameters, using OAT (One parameter At a Time) method to evaluate and demonstrate the influences of the model parameters on four major components of water budget including surface runoff, lateral flow, groundwater and evapotranspiration. Calibration and validation of the model were performed using the SUFI2 algorithm. River discharge data from 1982 to 2000 were used for the calibration and those of 2001 to 2005 for the validation. Different criteria were used to evaluate the performance of the simulation. During calibration, the simulated flow matched the observed values with a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.56 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.6. These values were 0.6 and 0.65 during the validation. The calibrated SWAT model is suggested to be used in simulation of the monthly flow of the Ghare-Sou watershed, in order to assess the impacts of different management practices and environment changes on the flow.
Azade Jabary; Majid Hosseini; Amir Khosrojerdi
Abstract
The present research is looking for determining and evaluation of water balance in Sanjabi Watershed located in Kermanshah Province due to a variety of problems raised by the population increase. For this purpose, the SWAT model parameters have been calibrated by applying required information layers ...
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The present research is looking for determining and evaluation of water balance in Sanjabi Watershed located in Kermanshah Province due to a variety of problems raised by the population increase. For this purpose, the SWAT model parameters have been calibrated by applying required information layers in a period extending from 1995 to 2004 and their sensitivity were analyzed by SUFI2 program. The flow parameters’ sensitivity was computed by P-Value and t-State in SUFI2. The most sensitive parameters were calibrated and thereafter model was validated for a period extending from 2005 to 2007. The model evaluation results showed that the value of NS (Nash Sutcliff), R2 (Coefficient of determination), Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) and Percent Difference (D) for calibration period were 0.78, 0.78, 0.2 and -0.2, respectively and for validation period were 0.74, 0.86, 0.3 and 0.01, respectively. Results showed the desired accuracy of SWAT for runoff simulation. Discharges for calibration and validation periods were generally under and overestimated, respectively. The water balance values are calculated as the amount of water available in the soil. So that the water balance resulted as negative in years 2005 (normal year), 2006 (wet year) and 2007 (dry year). Nevertheless, in these three years, autumn and winter monthly water balances were positive while in spring and summer were negative. The results also showed that most water losses were due to evapotranspiration in this watershed.
Majid Hosseini; Abbas Atapour; Seyed Aziz Karami; Abolfazl Khalilpour; Mohammad Roghani
Abstract
The water is life source and the main factor to human development. With increasing population and needs to food, day by day this needs to be evidence. Therefore, to prevent loosing this main source by planning should be done. One of the method to prevent from this lose is runoff control by micro catchments, ...
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The water is life source and the main factor to human development. With increasing population and needs to food, day by day this needs to be evidence. Therefore, to prevent loosing this main source by planning should be done. One of the method to prevent from this lose is runoff control by micro catchments, keeping the moisture andreduce evaporation from soil surface. In this research, in order to introduce the most suitable method to reduce the evaporation from soil surface, to increase the perennial duration of soil moisture, to determine the performance of different treatments and to compare between them, lozenge shape micro catchments was made in sloppy hill side.The main duty of these micro catchments is collecting and conducting the surface water toward the end of the micro catchments and infiltrating the water into the soil which plus the humidity increase at micro catchments down, has considerable effects on increasing the level of the underground water tables and reducing the erosion andsediment production. In this research in order to increase the runoff coefficient, were made 6 treatments and 3 replications at the end of surface micro catchments were isolated by plastic cover so that end of each one of them has been isolated with common and available materials such as greenhouse plastic, gravel and fine and coarse sand and to infiltrate in depth of soil, a filter with 50 cm depth and 15 cm diameter was used. Soilmoisture was measured and assessed in two depth 30 and 50 cm, during one year by TDR instrument. The result of research shows the treatment maximum or best treatment in purpose of soil moisture keeping in 30 cm depth is treatment b (plastic cover and gravel embankment) and in depth 50 cm are b, d (b+ with filter) treatments. The amount of keeping soil moisture resulted from kind of treatment than to control treatment in 30and 50 cm depths are 2.81% and 1.62% respectively. The result of monthly variance shows b and d are the best treatments with 95 percent confidence in compare with other treatments. Because of low differences between in two treatment due to keeping moisture, and easy able and low cost, therefore b treatment is selected.
